Understanding social network : theories, concepts and findings / Charles Kadushin.

CONTENIDO
1. Introduction 3
Getting Connected 5
Networks as Information Maps 6
Leaders and Followers 8
Networks as Conduits 8
The Point of View 10
2. Basic Network Concepts, Part I: individual Members of Networks 13
Introduction 13
What Is a Network? 14
Sociological Questions about Relationships 17
Connections 17
Propinquity 18
Homophily 18
Individual-Level Homophily 19
Homophily and Collectivities 20
Dyads and Mutuality 21
Balance and Triads 22
Where We Are Now 26
3. Basic Network Concepts, Part II: Whole Social Networks 27
Distributions 29
Dyads and Triads 29
Density 29
Structural Holes 29
Weak Ties 30
"Popularity" or Centrality 31
Distance 32
Size of the Interpersonal Environment 34
The "Small World" 35
Multiplexity 35
Roles and Positions 38
Named Positions and Relationships 38
Informal Positions and Relationships 39
Informal Relations and Hierarchies 39
Embeddedness of the Informal within Instituted or Named Networks 40
Observed Roles 41
Summary 42
4. Basic Network Concepts, Part III: Network Segmentation 44
Introduction 44
Named and Unnamed Network Segments 45
Primary Groups, Cliques, and Clusters 46
Segmenting Networks from the Point of View of the Observer 46
Segmenting Groups on the Basis of Cohesion 47
Resistance to Disruption 48
Structural Similarity and Structural Equivalence 49
Core/Periphery Structures 50
Where We Are Now 55
5. The Psychological Foundations of Social Networks 56
Getting Things Done 57
Community and Support 58
Safety and Affiliation 59
Effectiveness and Structural Holes 59
Safety and Social Networks 60
Effectiveness and Social Networks 62
Both Safety and Effectiveness? 63
Driving for Status or Rank 65
Cultural Differences in Safety, Effectance, and Rank 66
Motivations and Practical Networks 66
Motivations of Corporate Actors 68
Cognitive Limits on Individual Networks 70
Where We Are Now 72
6. Small Groups, Leadership, and Social Networks: The Basic Building Blocks 74
Introduction 74
Primary Groups and Informal Systems: Propositions 75
Pure Informal Systems 77
How to Find Informal Systems 78
Asymmetric Ties and the Influence of the External System 82
Formalizing the System 85
Where We Are Now 88
7. Organizations and Networks 90
The Contradictions of Authority 91
Emergent Networks in Organizations 92
The Factory Floor 92
Information-Driven Organizations 94
Inside the Box, Outside the Box, or Both 100
Bridging the Gaps: Tradeoffs between Network Size, Diversity, and Social Cohesion 103
Where We Are Now 106
8. The Small World, Circles, and Communities 108
Introduction 108
How Many People Do You Know? 110
The Skewed Distribution of the Number of People One Knows 113
Formal Small World Models 119
Clustering in Social Networks 122
Social Circles 123
The Small World Search 128
Applications of Small World Theory to Smaller Worlds 130
Where We Are Now 132
9. Networks, Influence, and Diffusion 135
Networks and Diffusion-An Introduction 135
The Basic Model 137
Exogenous Factors in the Adoption of Innovations 139
Influence and Decision-Making 139
The Current State of Personal Influence 141
Self-Designated Opinion Leaders or Influentials 143
Characteristics of Opinion Leaders and Influentials 145
Group Influence 146
Epidemiology and Network Diffusion 148
Social Networks and Epidemiology 148
Social Networks and HIV-AIDS 15o
Transporting Disease-Large-Scale Models 152
Tipping Points and Thresholds 153
Threshold 155
Where We Are Now 159
10. Networks as Social Capital 162
Introduction 162
The General Idea of Social Capital 164
Social Capital as an Investment 165
Individual-Level Social Capital 168
Social Support 168
Individual Networked Resources: Position and Resource Generators 17o
Correlates of Individual Social Capital 172
Other Indicators of Networked Resources 173
Social Capital as an Attribute of Social Systems 175
Theorists of Social System Social Capital 175
Bowling Alone 177
Recent Findings on Social System Social Capital and Its Consequences 178
Where We Are Now 181
11. Ethical Dilemmas of Social Network Research 185
Networks as a Research Paradigm 185
Anonymity, Confidentiality, Privacy, and Consent 187
Who Benefits 189
Cases and Examples 191
Survey Research 191
Organization Research 194
Terrorists and Criminals 195
Networks and Terrorism: The CASOS Projects 196
Conclusion: More Complicated than the Belmont Report 198
12. Coda: Ten Master Ideas of Social Networks 201
Introduction 201
The Ten Master Ideas 202
NOTES 213
BIBLIOGRAPHY 223
INDEX 247