An ETC sea change

This article describes how multi-lane Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) technology, with its low maintenance costs and high performance, can be very effective on roadways where no tolling system is in place. The authors also point out the performance aspects of a multi-lane ETC system in terms of integrity of enforcement and reliability in the traffic environment. They discuss system architecture, radio communication systems and their requirements, detection and classification systems, and the importance of reliable vehicle registration and cost effective ALPR.