The GIS book / George B. Korte.

CONTENIDO
Introduction IX
Who Should Read This Book IX
Focus and Organization IX
Content X
Where This Book Came From XI
PART 1: Understanding GIS 1
Chapter 1: Introduction to GIS 3
In This Chapter 3
A Dramatic Story 3
The Origins of GIS 6
The Many Uses of GIS 7
An Industry Leader's Comments 14
Chapter 2: Defining GIS 17
In This Chapter 17
What Is CADD? 17
What Is AM/FM? 20
What Is GIS? 21
Typical Applications 25
Chapter 3: The Uses of GIS 27
In This Chapter 27
Tax Assessment 27
Planning 30
Registrar 31
School Board 32
Engineering and Public Works 32
Public Safety 36
Chapter 4: An Overview of the GIS Industry and GIS Software 39
In This Chapter 39
GIS Software Vendors 39
The GIS Software and Overall Products and Services Markets 40
GIS Users 41
GIS Applications 42
GIS Services 44
Chapter 5: Why Implement O GIS? 49
In This Chapter 49
Map Data Is More Secure and Better Organized 49
Redundancy and Other Problems of Multiple Map Sets Are Eliminated 49
Mapping Revisions Are Easier and Faster 50
Map Data is easier to search, Analyze, and Present 51
Employees Are More Productive 52
Map Data Is Integrated Throughout the Organization 52
Chapter 6: GIS Technology Trends 55
In This Chapter 55
Data Networks and Data Communications 56
Computers 59
Operating System 61
Software 63
Chapter 7: GIS Doto Sources, Collection, and Entry 69
In This Chapter 69
Existing GIS Data 69
Digitizing 70
GPS Surveying 73
Digital Orthophotography 75
Satellite Imagery 76
Chapter 8: GIS Data Formats and Standards 81
In This Chapter 81
GIS Data Forrnats 81
Vector Data 82
Raster Data 82
Raster Images 83
Data Standards 83
DoD Spatial Data Standards (SDS) for Facilities, Infrastructure, and environment 84
Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS) 85
Open Geodata Interoperability Specification (OGIS) 88
Chapter 9: Types of GIS Analysis 91
In This Chapter 91
GIS Queries and Terrninology 91
Other Types of GIS Analysis 100
Chapter 10: GIS on the Web 109
In This Chapter 109
Web-based GIS 109
Maps on the Internet 110
GIS on the Internet 111
PART 2: Selecting and Implementing a GIS 117
Chapter 11: Planning a GIS 119
In This Chapter 119
A GIS Plan 119
The Components of a GIS Plan 121
Chapter 12: Implementing a GIS 123
In This Chapter 123
Implementation Overview 124
Phase One: Planning 125
Phase Two: Analysis 126
Phase Three: Implementation 129
Chapter 13: Selecting a GIS 133
In This Chapter 133
Functions 134
Vendar Support 135
User Environment 137
Cost 137
Chapter 14: Four Leading GIS Vendors' Products in Review 139
In This Chapter 139
Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) 139
Intergraph 146
MapInfo 151
Autodesk 154
Chapter 15: Keys to Successful GIS Implementation 157
In This Chapter 157
Management Support, Leadership, and Vision 158
Data Conversion and Maintenance 158
Hardware and Software 161
User Training 161
Data Communieations 162
Software Customization 162
User Support 163
Funding 163
Chapter 16: The Pitfalls of a GIS 165
In This Chapter 165
Failure to Consider Problems 165
Overstating Benefits 166
Using a GIS as an Experiment 166
Failure to Define Goals 166
No Long-term Planning 167
Lack of Management Support 167
Lack of User Involvement 168
Failure to Specify Requirements 168
Computerizing Existing Problems 168
Continuation of Existing Manual Systems 169
Lack of User Training 169
Lack of User R
D Support 169
Systems That Cannot Be Expanded or Modified 170
Budget Overrun or Underestimation 170
Failure to Report Results 171
Chapter 18: Using a GIS Consultant 173
In This Chapter 173
Benefits of Hiring a GIS Consultant 173
The GIS Consultant's Mission 175
What to Look for in a GIS Consultant 176
Chapter 18: Managing and Staffing a GIS 179
In This Chapter 179
System Management 179
GIS Staff Positions 181
Chapter 19: Managing and Maintaining a GIS Database 185
In This Chapter 185
Enterprise GIS 185
Centralized GIS Databases 186
Distributed GIS Databases 187
Master and Working GIS Databases 188
Data Maintenance Issues 189
PART 3: Considerations for Making GIS Decisions 193
Chapter 20: Financial Justification of GIS 195
In This Chapter 195
GIS Costs 195
Ongoing Costs 198
Cost Savings 199
Additional Benefits 204
A Model for the Financial Justification of GIS 205
The Hourly Cost of Operating a GIS 213
Chapter References 216
Chapter 21: The Economics of GIS Base Map Accuracy 217
In This Chapter 217
Features in a Topographic Base Map 217
Base Map Accuracy Standards 219
Other Base Map Cost Factors 221
Chapter 22: GIS Data Quality 223
In This Chapter 223
Definitions 223
Sources of GIS Data Errors 225
Chapter 23: Getting CADO Data into a GIS 233
In This Chapter 233
The Need for CADD Data Translation 233
Data Structure 234
Data Format 237
Chapter 24: Legal Aspects of GIS 239
The Law and Public Information 239
The Value of GIS Data 240
The Role of Government 240
Access to GIS Data 241
GIS Data Sales and Pricing 243
Data Privacy 245
Liability 248
Copyright Protection 251
GIS and the Practice of Land Survey 255
Chapter References 260
Chapter 25: Government and Industry Involvement in GIS 261
In This Chapter 261
State Government GIS Activities 261
Associations Promoting GIS 265
Chapter 26: A Case Study in GIS Implementation: Clinton Township, MI 273
In This Chapter 273
The Consultant 273
The Client 274
The Initial Applications 274
The Other Applications 277
System Management 278
Chapter 27: A Case Study in GIS Implementation: Prince Williom County, VA 279
In This Chapter 279
Prince William County, Virginia 279
History of GIS in Prince William County 280
GIS Web Application 287
Eight Benefits of Prince William County's GIS Systern 288
Six Lessons Learned in the Prince William County Implementation 290
Chapter 28: A Case Study in Maintaining GIS Data: Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 293
In This Chapter 293
The Disney World of Defense 293
Past Problems in DPW Data Management 295
The Advent of GIS 295
Preparing an Implementation Plan for GIS 295
Implementing GIS 296
Precision Land Surveying Sustains an Accurate GIS Database 301
Appendix A: Exercises 305
Part 1: Start-up Exercises 305
Part 2: Further Exercises 314
Appendix B: Resources 335
Education and Training in GIS 335
Associations 339
GIS Events 340
Books 341
Periodicals 347
Educational Institutions 349
Appendix C: GIS Data Sources 359
Glossary of Commonly Used GIS Terms 371
Index 385