Power system control and stability / Paul M. Anderson, Abdel-Aziz A. Fouad.

CONTENIDO
Chapter 1. Power System Stability
Requirements of a Reliable Electrical Power Service 3
Statement of the Problem 4
Effect of an Impact upon System Components 8
Methods of Simulation 10
Chapter 2. The Elementary Mathematical Model
Swing Equation 13
Units 15
Mechanical Torque 16
Electrical Torque 20
Power-Angle Curve of a Synchronous Machine 21
Natural Frequencies of Oscillation of a Synchronous Machine 24
System of One Machine against an Infinite Bus-The Classical Model 26
Equal Area Criterion 31
Classical Model of a Multimachine System 35
Classical Stability Study of a Nine-Bus System 37
Shortcomings of the Classical Model 45
Block Diagram of One Machine 47
Chapter 3. System Response to Small Disturbances
Types of Problems Studied 54
The Unregulated Synchronous Machine 55
Modes of Oscillation of an Unregulated Multimachine System 59
Regulated Synchronous Machine 66
Distribution of Power impacts 69
Part II The Electromagnetic Torque 80
Chapter 4. The Synchronous Machine
Park's Transformation 83
Flux Linkage Equations 85
Voltage Equations 88
Formulation of State-Space Equations 91
Current Formulation 91
Per Unit Conversion 92
Normalizing the Voltage Equations 99
Normalizing the Torque Equations 103
Torque and Power 105
Equivalent Circuit of a Synchronous Machine 107
The Flux Linkage State-Space Model 109
Load Equations 114
Subtransient and Transient Inductances and Time Constants 122
Simplified Models of the Synchronous Machine 127
Turbine Generator Dynamic Models 143
Chapter 5. The Simulation of Synchronous Machines
Steady-State Equations and Phasor Diagrams 150
Machine Connected to an Infinite Bus through a Transmission Line 153
Machine Connected to an Infinite Bus with Local Load at Machina Terminal 154
Determining Steady-State Conditions 157
Examples 159
Initial Conditions for a Multimachine System 165
Determination of Machine Parameters from Manufacturers' Data166
Analog Computer Simulation of the Synchronous Machine 170
Digital Simulation of Synchronous Machines 184
Chapter 6. Linear Models of the Synchronous Machina
Linearization of the Generator State-Space Current Model 209
Linearization of the Load Equation for the One-Machine Problem 213
Linearization of the Flux Linkage Model 217
Simplified Linear Model 222
Block Diagrams 231
State-Space Representation of Simplified Model 231
Chapter 7. Excitation Systems
Simplified View of Excitation Control 233
Control Configurations 235
Typical Excitation Configurations 236
Excitation Control System Definitions 243
Voltage Regulator 250
Exciter Buildup 254
Excitation System Response 268
State-Space Description of the Excitation System 285
Computer Representation of Excitation Systems 292
Typical System Constants 299
The Effect of Excitation on Generator Performance 304
Chapter 8. Effect of Excitation on Stability
Effect of Excitation on Generator Power Limits 311
Effect of the Excitation System on Transient Stability 315
Effect of Excitation on Dynamic Stability 321
Root-Locus Analysis of a Regulated Machine Connected to an Infinite Bus 327
Approximate System Representation 333
Supplementary Stabilizing Signals 338
Linear Analysis of the Stabilized Generator 344
Analog Computer Studies 347
Digital Computer Transient Stability Studies 353
Some General Comments on the Effect of Excitation on Stability 363
Chapter 9. Multimachine Systems with Constant Impedance Loads
Statement of the Problem 368
Matrix Representation of a Passive Network 369
Converting Machine Coordinates to System Reference 373
Relation Between Machine Currents and Voltages 374
System Order 377
Machines Represented by Classical Methods 378
Linearized Model for the Network 381
Hybrid Formulation 386
Network Equations with Flux Linkage Model 388
Total System Equations 390
Multimachine System Study 392
Appendix A. Trigonometric Identities for Three-Phase Systems 398
Appendix B. Some Computer Methods for Solving Differential Equations 400
Appendix C. Normalization 414
Appendix D. Typical System Data 424
Appendix E. Excitation Control System Definitions 451