Information engineering. Book 1, introduction / James Martin.

CONTENIDO
INDEX: Book I
PREFACE xiv
1. WHAT IS INFORMATION ENGINEERING? 1
Introduction 1
The pyramid 3
The mess in data processing 5
A critical success factor in business 6
The need for power tools 8
Meat machines 8
Advantages 10
Divide and conquer 10
The four stages of information engineering 13
The encyclopedia 14
Computerized diagrams 18
The data model 18
Engineering-like tools 20
End-userparticipation 21
Fourth-generation languages 22
Eight trends 23
Conclusion 25
References 27
2. CASE AND l-CASE 29
Introduction 29
Objects and associations 30
Diagrams of programs 35
The language of diagrams 35
Hyperdiagrams 40
A vital corporate resource 42
Distributed architecture 45
Categories of CASE tools 50
Summary of tool characteristics 52
References 55
3. THE ROLE OF DATA MODELS 57
Introduction 57
Data administration 57
Problems with data designed application by application 60
Stablefoundation stone 65
Stable databases 66
Logical design of databases 67
Step-by-step building of the model 68
Using the data model 69
The building blocks of information engineering 69
The data administrator 73
Reporting ata high level 76
Reference 76
4. COORDINATION OF ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 77
Introduction 77
Perspectives 78
The diagrams are the documentation 83
The need for formality 88
The hardware implications 88
The coordination of perspectives 89
Consistency among different analysts 91
Consistency among multiple projects 92
The knowledge coordinator 92
Layers of integrity checking and analysis 93
Steal; don't reinvent 95
Bridges between incompatible perspectives 96
The knowledge administrator97
References 98
5. THE STAGES OF INFORMATION ENGINEERING 101
Introduction 101
Stage 1: Information strategy planning 102
Stage 2: Business area analysis 106
Stage 3: System design 112
Stage 4: Construction 113
End-user involvement at every level 120
Joint application design 121
Workshops at all levels 123
Centralization versus decentralization 124
Migration from old systems 124
Decapitation 125
References 126
6. PRODUCTIVITY AND EVOLUTION 127
Introduction 127
IS productivity 127
The effect of large teams 129
Very large programs 130
Reusable design and code 134
Evolutionary growth of systems 137
Maintenance 137
Reverse engineering 139
References 141
7. HOW DO YOU JUSTIFY THE EXPENDITURE ON INFORMATION ENGINEERING? 143
Introduction 143
Long-term investment 144
Four types of benefits 144
Estimates of financial payoff 145
An example of IE justification 151
References 154
8. THE CORPORATION OF THE FUTURE 157
Introduction 157
Where should decisions be made? 158
Flattening the bureaucratic tree 158
Orchestra-like structure 160
Computer-integrated manufacturing 162
Automated links between corporations 163
Shorteningreaction time 165
Sheep and goats 166
Rigorous engineering 166
Integration of systems 167
Artificial intelligence 167
Networks and standards 168
Building human potential 169
Three waves of entry in technology 170
Government 172
Summary 172
References 172
INDEX 175