Programming language essentials / Henri E. Bal, Dick Grune.

CONTENIDO
Chapter 1
Aspects of Programming Languages 1
Why programming languages? 2
Some history 4
Paradigms and the structure of this book 6
Programming paradigms 8
Programming models 9
Other language classifications 10
The structure of programs 11
Lexical structure 12
Syntactic structure 14
Context and semantics 16
Programming languages as communication media 16
Managing and reducing complexity 18
Problem decomposition 18
Abstraction 19
Contextual checking 21
Program processing 23
Interpretation versus compilation 23
Macro preprocessing 26
Debugging tools 27
Programming environments 28
Summary 29
Bibliographical notes 29
Exercises 30
Chapter 2
Imperative Languages 32
Principles 33
Data 34
Data declarations 34
Types and type constructors 38
Orthogonality of data types and declarations 50
Restricted types 52
Type equivalence 52
Coercions, contexts, casts and conversions 54
State 55
Assignments 56
Expressions 58
External state 62
Flow of control 64
Sequencing 64
Selection 64
Routine invocation 67
Repetition 67
Runtime error handling 71
Orthogonality of statements 76
Program composition 77
Blocks 78
Subprograms 84
Modules and packages 92
Generics 100
Programs 102
Orthogonality of program composition 105
Examples of imperative languages 105
Icon 105
PostScript 107
Summary 109
Bibliographical notes 110
Exercises 110
Chapter 3
Object-oriented Languages 113
Principles 113
The object-oriented design methodology 113
The principles of object-oriented languages 115
Classes 116
Inheritance 118
Inheritance and class hierarchies 121
Inheritance and types 123
Inheritance and polymorphism 124
Dynamic binding 125
Reference semantics 128
When to use inheritance? 131
Discussion 132
Example languages 133
C++ 134
Eiffel 135
Smalltalk-80 136
Summary 139
Bibliographical notes 140
Exercises 140
Chapter 4
Functional Languages 143
Principles 144
Functions 146
Lists 148
Types and polymorphism 150
Higher-order functions 151
Currying 153
Lazy evaluation 153
Equations and pattern matching 156
Example programs 158
Example language 161
Lisp 161
Summary 161
Bibliographical notes 162
Exercises 163
Chapter 5
Logic Languages 165
Principles 165
Horn clauses 166
Executing Horn clauses 168
Logical variables 170
Relations 172
Data structures 173
Controlling the search order 176
Example programs 178
Example language 183
Prolog 183
Summary 184
Bibliographical notes 185
Exercises 185
Chapter 6
Parallel and Distributed Languages 187
Principles 187
Parallelism 190
Co-routines 191
Parallel statements 191
Processes 193
Communication and synchronization 194
Shared variables 194
Message passing 202
In between message passing and shared variables 211
Languages based on other paradigms 214
Example languages 215
Mesa 216
Synchronizing Resources (SR) 216
Ada 217
Summary 219
Bibliographical notes 220
Exercises 221
Chapter 7
Other Paradigms 223
Additional general-purpose paradigms 225
Constraint programming 225
Access-oriented programming 228
Single-datastructure languages 229
Additional special-purpose paradigms 232
Dataflow programming 232
Little languages 238
Database languages 240
Real-time languages 241
Summary 243
Bibliographical notes 244
Exercises 244
Appendix A
References to Languages 246
Appendix B
Answers to Exercises 249
References 258
Index 264