An introduction to database systems / Chris J. Date.

CONTENIDO
Part I BASIC CONCEPTS
Chapter 1 An Overview of Database Management 2
1.1 An Introductory Example 2
1.2 What Is a Database System? 4
1.3 What Is a Database? 9
1.4 Why Database? 13
1.5 Data Independence 16
1.6 Relational Systems and Others 21
1.7 Summary 24
Exercises 25
Answers to Selected Exercises 26
Chapter 2 An Architecture for a Database System 28
2.1 Purpose 28
2.2 The Three Levels of the Architecture 28
2.3 The External level 31
2.4 The Conceptual Level 34
2.5 The Internal Level 35
2.6 Mappings 36
2.7 The Database Administrator 37
2.8 The Database Management System 39
2.9 The Data Communications Manager 41
2.10 Client/Server Architecture 42
2.11 Utilities 44
2.12 Distributed Processing 45
2.13 Summary 48
Exercises 49
References anti Bibliography 50
Chapter 3 An Introduction to Relational Databases 52
3.1 Introduction 52
3.2 Relational Systems 52
3.3 A Note on terminology 56
3 4 The Relational Model 57
3.5 Optimization 58
3.6 The Catalog 60
3.7 Base Tables and Views 62
3.8 The SQL Language 65
3.9 The Suppliers-and-Parts Database 68
3.10 Summary 70
Exercises 73
References and Bibliography 73
Answers to Selected Exercises 74
Part II THE RELATIONAL MODEL
Chapter 4 Relational Data Objects: Domains and Relations 79
4.1 An Introductory Example 79
4.2 Domains 81
4.3 Relations 86
4.4 Kinds of Relations 95
4.5 Relations and Predicates 97
4.6 Relational Databases 98
4.7 Summary 99
Exercises 100
References and Bibliography 100
Answers to Selected Exercises 106
Chapter 5 Relational Data Integrity: Candidate Keys and Related Matters 110
5.1 Introduction 110
5.2 Candidate Keys 110
5.3 Primary Keys and Alternate Keys 115
5.4 Foreign Keys 116
5.5 Foreign Key Rules 120
5.6 Nulls(A digression) 123
5.7 Candidate Keys and Nulls 124
5.8 Foreign Keys and Nulls 126
5.9 Summary 128
Exercises 130
References and Bibliography 131
Answers to Selected Exercises 134
Chapter 6 Relational Operators 1: Relational Algebra 139
6.1 Introduction 139
6.2 Closure 141
6.3 A Syntax for the Relational Algebra 143
6.4 Traditional Set Operations 145
6.5 Special Relational Operations 149
6.6 Examples 156
6.7 What Is the Algebra For? 158
6.8 EXTEND and SUMMARIZE 160
6.9 Update Operations 166
6.10 Relational Comparisons 169
6.11 Summary 170
Exercises 171
References and Bibliography 173
Answers to Selected Exercises 178
Chapter 7 Relational Operators 11: Relational Calculus 185
7.1 Introduction 185
7.2 Tuple-Oriented Relational Calculus 187
7.3 Examples 194
7.4 Relational Calculus ns. Relational Algebra 196
7.5 Computational Capabilities 201
7.6 Domain-Oriented Relational Calculus 203
7.7 Summary 206
Exercises 207
References and Bibliography 208
Answers to Selected Exercises 211
Chapter 8 The SQL Language 219
8.1 Introduction 219
8.2 Data Definition 220
8 3 Data Manipulation: Retrieval Operations 226
8.4 Data Manipulation: Retrieval Operations 234
8.5 Table Expressions 235
8.6 Conditional Expressions 241
8.7 Scalar Expressions 243
8.8 Embedded SQL 244
8.9 Summary 252
Exercises 253
References and Bibliography 255
Answers to Selected Exercises 257
Part III DATABASE DESIGN
Chapter 9 Functional Dependencies 271
9.1 Introduction 271
9.2 Basic Definitions 272
9.3 Trivial and Nontrivial Dependencies 274
9.4 Closure of a Set of Dependencies 275
9.5 Closure of a Set of Attributes 276
9.6 Irreducible Sets of Dependencies 278
9.7 Summary 280
Exercises 281
References and Bibliography 282
Answers to Selected Exercises 284
Chapter 10 Further Normalization I: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF 288
10.1 Introduction 288
10.2 Nonloss Decomposition and Functional Dependencies 292
10.3 First, Second and Third Normal Forms 295
10.4 Dependency Preservation 303
10.5 Boyce/codd normal form 306
10.6 Summary 312
Exercises 313
References and Bibliography 315
Answers to Selected Exercises 316
Chapter 11 Further Normalization II: Higher Normal Forms 325
11.1 Introduction 325
11.2 Multivalued Dependencies and Fourth Normal form 325
11.3 Join Dependencies and Fifth Normal Form 330
11.4 The Normalization Procedure Summarized 334
11.5 Other Normal Forms 337
11.6 Summary 338
Exercises 339
References and bibliography 339
Answers to Selected Exercises 344
Chapter 12 The Entity / Relationship Model 347
12.1 Introduction 347
12.2 The Overall Approach 349
12.3 An Overview of the E/R Model 351
12.4 E/R Diagrams 355
12 5 Database Design with the E/R Model 357
12.6 A Brief Analysis 361
12 7 Summary 364
Exercises 365
Reference and Bibliography 366
Part IV DATA PROTECTION
Chapter 13 Recovery 374
13.1 Introduction 374
13.2 Transactions 375
13.3 Transaction Recovery 377
13.4 System Recovery 380
13.5 Media Recovery 382
13.6 Two-Phase Commit 382
13.7 SQL Support 384
13.8 Summary 385
Exercises 386
References and Bibliography 386
Answers to Selected Exercises 389